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    Home»Culture»The Cultural Guide To Mid-Autumn Festival, When We Worship The Largest Full Moon Of The Year
    Culture

    The Cultural Guide To Mid-Autumn Festival, When We Worship The Largest Full Moon Of The Year

    One of the most significant festivals in Hong Kong, with moon festivals of their own in Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and other Asian countries, Lantern or Moon Festival is when we appreciate the full harvest moon.
    Angela ChongBy Angela Chong2022-08-12Updated:2022-11-30No Comments7 Mins Read
    colourful lanterns during mid autumn festival in tai o hong kong

    People all over the world observe a moon festival during the autumn, during which the fullest moon of the year appears and there is a major harvesting time for farmers. Ancient Chinese people worshipped the full moon as thanks for an abundant autumn harvest. Today, the holiday is still observed as a time to reunite with family and engage in exciting festivities like dragon dances, eat mooncake, and light lanterns. These activities are all tied together through their shared moon symbolism.

    Content of this article hide
    What is Mid-Autumn Festival?
    How did Mid-Autumn Festival start?
    Rituals and traditions to celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival
    What to eat during Mid-Autumn Festival?
    Similar moon festivals throughout Asia
    Mid-Autumn Festival events in 2022
    FAQ about Mid-Autumn Festival
    What is the point of Mid-Autumn Festival?
    How do you celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong?
    How did Mid-Autumn Festival originate?

    What is Mid-Autumn Festival?

    colourful round and square lanterns at moon festival market
    Chinese lanterns in fortuitous colours and bearing lucky characters like ‘blessing’ at a Mid-Autumn Festival market (© CharlieTong via Canva)

    Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節, jong chau jit in Cantonese or zhōngqiū jié in Mandarin) is when Chinese people appreciate the full moon when it’s at its biggest and brightest phase on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, which is 10 September 2022 this year.

    The largest full moon of the year was associated with the autumn harvest season in ancient China. In those times, people prayed to the moon for an abundant harvest and general blessings. With similarities to Thanksgiving celebration in western countries and one of the most important holidays in Hong Kong along with Lunar New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called Lantern Festival, Moon Festival, and Mooncake Festival.

    How did Mid-Autumn Festival start?

    The Mid-Autumn Festival has a history going back 3000 years. Moon worship is evident in historical records going back as far as the Zhou Dynasty (510–314 BC). During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), moon appreciation and jovial celebration was popularly adopted among the Chinese upper class, later spreading observance of the festival to the lower classes. During this time, it’s also believed the mooncake was invented. The festival became an official holiday in the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127 AD).

    moon goddess chang'e flying to the moon in ancient drawing
    Chinese moon goddess Chang’e escaping to the moon (© Werner, E.T.C. via WikiCommons)

    The legend of the moon goddess, Chang’e (嫦娥), is the most popular origin story associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival.

    See also
    The History Of Hong Kong Establishment Day On July 1, The Birth Of Modern Hong Kong

    One version of the legend describes how Chang’e drank the eternal life-giving medicine and flew to the moon in the hopes of escaping her husband and corrupt ruler, Hou Yi (后羿).

    In ancient Chinese times, people also believed this time of the year was linked with rebirth. Offerings would be made to the moon to bless women with a healthy pregnancy.

    There are other legends that are associated with Mooncake Festival, such as the story about Tang Emperor Li Longji (李隆基) appreciating the moon so much that he flew to the moon to visit the moon palace.

    There, Li Longji was captivated by a song played by the fairies. When he returned to his palace, he wrote a song to commemorate it, the famous Tang song titled “Melody of White Feathers Garment”.

    The Baiyue (百越) ethnic peoples who lived in South China and Vietnam during the first centuries BC and AD believed a dragon appeared during the eighth lunar month, bringing rain to help their crops grow and better their lives.

    Rituals and traditions to celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival

    dragon dance in mid autumn festival parade
    Dragon dances are a common sight during Mid-Autumn Festival, especially in Tai Hang on Hong Kong Island (© Jonathan Chen via WikiCommons)

    During the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are lots of traditions and rituals that have been passed down for generations. The full moon is a symbol of wholeness, nostalgia, and the reunion of family. Many believe family members even far or close can share the same feeling by looking at the same moon.

    illustration of two kids playing with chinese lanterns for moon festival on hong kong money
    Hong Kong’s $20 bill depicts kids playing with lanterns for Moon Festival (© johan10 via Canva)

    The Chinese lantern is believed to symbolize fertility and good fortune. One of the most important Mid-Autumn Festival traditions is lighting and carrying these lucky lanterns in various shapes. During this time, it’s also a traditional social ritual that allows single women and men to meet up. Activities such as the dragon or lion dance are associated with Baiyue people’s belief of the rain-bringing dragon. Burning incense is a way of praying to the gods for blessing. People also watch stage performances and visit Mid-Autumn Festival markets to play carnival games.

    See also
    Your Complete Guide To Giving Lai See (Red Envelopes) During Chinese New Year

    What to eat during Mid-Autumn Festival?

    Mid-Autumn Festival foods are a delightful way to savour the vibrant energy of the festival period, and each item has special meanings.

    Mooncakes are baked cakes with sweet fillings and whole salty egg yolks, a treat that, among other stories, has been linked to the historical tale of Ming revolutionaries’ victory over their Mongol rulers.

    mooncakes with chinese tea and wood mould in the background
    Mooncakes symbolize the perfectly round harvest moon (© xb100 via Canva)
    traditional mid autumn festival food pomelo
    Pomelo represents remembering distant family (© ROMIXIMAGE via Canva)
    roast duck for lantern festival in hong kong
    Roasted duck symbolizes celebrating victory in war (© tab1962 via Canva)

    Roasted duck is eaten to share the remembrance of the revolutionaries’ victory.

    Pomelo fruit has a sweet message because it sounds similar to the word “wander” in Chinese (游子, pronounced yau ji) and is eaten to remember family members who are far away from home. Families also have lotus root to share their wishes for reunion of the entire family.

    Osmanthus or cassia wine are drunk as a symbolic wish for living a full, long life.

    Similar moon festivals throughout Asia

    Other Asian cultures also observe moon-based holidays in the autumn. Japan celebrates their moon festival Tsukimi on the same day as Mid-Autumn Festival, during which people create decorations with grass called susuki and eat dango (rice dumplings) to celebrate bountiful crops.

    korean chuseok food songpyeon in black, white, and purple
    Songpyeon, rice cakes with sesame seed filling, is eaten during Chuseok in Korea (© Ika Rahma via Canva)
    japanese moon festival dish dango on plate
    Dango rice dumplings are eaten during Tsukimi, the moon festival in Japan (© chikaphotograph via Canva)

    Koreans also celebrate the mid-autumn harvest festival called Chuseok on the same day, when people return to their hometown to provide offerings such as rice cake and wine on their ancestors’ graves. This ritual is called beolcho.

    Vietnamese people observe Tết Trung Thu on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, again to show gratitude to the moon for a healthy harvest. Rituals include giving children a paper figure to wish them success in life and lighting lanterns, which are sometimes anime-themed.

    See also
    The Cultural Guide To Chung Yeung Festival: Ascending Heights To Rebalance Yang Energy

    Mid-Autumn Festival events in 2022

    rabbit and flowers in lantern display for mid autumn festival
    Viewing large lantern displays are a popular nighttime activity during the days surrounding Mid-Autumn Festival; here, the mythical rabbit associated with the moon in Chinese culture is depicted (© tc397 via Canva)
    • Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance (Cancelled): Tai Hang, Causeway Bay, 10 – 12 September 2022 (starting at 7:30pm every night)
    • Mid-Autumn Festival Victoria Park: Victoria Park, Causeway Bay, 10 September 2022 (starting at 7:30pm)

    FAQ about Mid-Autumn Festival

    What is the point of Mid-Autumn Festival?

    Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals in Chinese culture, based around appreciating the moon when it’s at its largest and brightest. This is associated with harvesting time in the autumn season.

    How do you celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong?

    In Hong Kong, people display and carry lanterns, either in the traditional round or cylindrical shapes or in lucky animal shapes like the auspicious goldfish or the powerful dragon, and eat mooncakes as their circular shape imitate the moon.

    How did Mid-Autumn Festival originate?

    Mid-Autumn Festival has been celebrated since the Shang Dynasty in ancient China, when the entire community worshipped the full moon for bringing a plentiful crop harvest. In folk religion, the festival time is also associated with the moon goddess, Chang’e.

    🌙 More guides about Mid-Autumn Festival ⤵️

    Your Cultural Guide to Mooncakes
    Where to Buy Mooncakes

    Other traditional Chinese festivals: Lunar New Year — Lunar New Year Fair — Birthday of Che Kung — Chinese Lantern Festival — Kwun Yum Treasury Opening Festival — Ching Ming Festival — Tin Hau Festival — Cheung Chau Bun Festival — Buddha’s Birthday — Birthday of Tam Kung — Dragon Boat Festival — Birthday of Kwan Tai — Qixi Festival — Hung Shing Festival — Hungry Ghost Festival — Mid-Autumn Festival — Monkey King Festival — Birthday of Confucius — Chung Yeung Festival — Winter Solstice Festival.

    Header image credits: Billy Kwok via Unsplash

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    Angela Chong
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    Angela studied Culinary Art & Food Service Management and had lived in the United States for several years. She has traveled to several countries and experienced their unique cultures of food and life. Having grown up with a passion for food she seeks to try any specialty food wherever she goes. You can learn more about her journey on her website.

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